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CCOW Questions and LibGuide Tutorial

Scholars developed CCOW to critically evaluate sources related to their research. Checking each source using context clues from the source and confirming details using other scholarly, credible, sources will strengthen your scholarship.

<p><strong>Credentials</strong>: Investigate the credentials of the information</p><ul>	<li> What is their educational background?</li>	<li> Do they have an advanced degree in the subject under discussion?</li>	<li> What is their occupation?</li>	<li>Do they work in a field that qualifies them to talk about the subject?</li>	<li>Do they have any other experience that makes them a good source of information?</li></ul><p><strong>Claims</strong>: Analyze the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content</p><ul>	<li> What do experts with credentials related to this information say?</li>	<li>Did you challenge your assumptions?</li>	<li>What types of citations are used?</li>	<li>Is the information current or out of date?</li>	<li>What was happening in the world when this information was created?</li></ul><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: Determine the reason the information exists</p><ul>	<li> What did the creator hope to accomplish by creating this information?</li>	<li> Why was this piece of information created?</li>	<li> Was this information sponsored by someone?</li>	<li> How much fact, opinion, and propaganda are included?</li>	<li> Is the writing objective, impartial, and unbiased?</li></ul><p><strong>Worldview</strong>: Understand the perspective of the creator</p><ul>	<li> How does the creator see and interpret the world?</li>	<li> Why do they see things that way?</li>	<li> Does this information differ from your own worldview?</li>	<li> Is this worldview different from that of the experts you identified?</li>	<li> Does this creator’s worldview threaten the credibility of the information?</li></ul>

Adapted from:

Tardiff, A. (2023, January 25). CCOW: Start. Foley Library. Gonzaga University. https://researchguides.gonzaga.edu/CCOW

CRAAP Test Checklist and Video Tutorial

Scholars use the CRAAP Test to critically evaluate sources related to their research. Checking each source using context clues from the source and confirming details using other scholarly, credible, sources will strengthen your scholarship.

<p><strong>Currency</strong>: The timeliness of information</p>

<ul>
	<li>When was the information posted?</li>
	<li>Has the information been revised or updated?</li>
	<li>Is the information current or out of date?</li>
	<li>Are the links functional?</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Relevance</strong>: The importance of the information for your needs</p>

<ul>
	<li>Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?</li>
	<li>Who is the intended audience?</li>
	<li>Is the information at an appropriate level?</li>
	<li>Have you looked at a variety of sources?</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Authority</strong>: The source of the information</p>

<ul>
	<li>Who is the author/ publisher/ source/ sponsor?</li>
	<li>Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations given?</li>
	<li>What are the author's credentials?</li>
	<li>What are the author's qualifications?</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Accuracy</strong>: The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content</p>

<ul>
	<li>Where does the information come from?</li>
	<li>Is it supported by evidence?</li>
	<li>Has it been reviewed?</li>
	<li>Can you verify any of the information using another source?</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: The reason the information exists</p>

<ul>
	<li>What is the purpose of the information?</li>
	<li>Do the author's sponsors make their intentions clear?</li>
	<li>Is this information fact/ opinion/ propaganda?</li>
	<li>Is it objective, impartial, & unbiased?</li>
</ul>

Adapted from:

Perkins, Kendra. “The CRAAP Test: An Easy & Fun Way to Evaluate Research Sources.” RefME, Medium, April 25, 2016. https://medium.com/@RefME/the-craap-test-an-easy-fun-way-to-evaluate-research-sources-a2755126b6b2

CRAAP Test Video Tutorial

Shake Library. “Evaluating Resources with CRAAP.” Posted January 6, 2022. YouTube Video, 6:19. https://youtu.be/UST2zJjGQ4I